a, \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4};\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\)

Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau 

\(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+20}=\frac{6}{2}=3\Rightarrow x=27;y=36;z=60\)

b, \(\frac{2x}{3}=\frac{3y}{4}=\frac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{y}{\frac{4}{3}}=\frac{z}{\frac{5}{4}}\)

Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau 

\(\frac{x}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{y}{\frac{4}{3}}=\frac{z}{\frac{5}{4}}=\frac{x+y+z}{\frac{3}{2}+\frac{4}{3}+\frac{5}{4}}=\frac{49}{\frac{49}{12}}=12\)

\(\Rightarrow x=18;y=24;z=30\)

c, \(\frac{x-1}{2}=\frac{y-2}{3}=\frac{z-4}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{2x-2}{4}=\frac{3y-6}{9}=\frac{z-4}{4}\)

Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau 

\(\frac{2x-2}{4}=\frac{3y-6}{9}=\frac{z-4}{4}=\frac{2x+3y-z-2-6+4}{4+9-4}=\frac{46}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{101}{9};y=\frac{52}{3};z=\frac{220}{9}\)

d, Đặt \(x=2k;y=3k;z=5k\Rightarrow xyz=810\Rightarrow30k^3=810\)

\(\Leftrightarrow k^3=27\Leftrightarrow k=3\)Với k = 3 thì \(x=6;y=9;z=15\)

\(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}\left(1\right)\\ \frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1);(2) Suy ra \(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tĩ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{2x}{18}=\frac{3y}{36}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+15}=\frac{6}{-3}=-2\)

Suy ra

x = (-2) . 9 = -18

y = (-2) . 12 = -24

z = (-2) . 15 = -30

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỷ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{5x}{50}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{2z}{42}=\frac{5x+y-2z}{50+6-42}=\frac{28}{14}=2\)

Suy ra 

x = 2 . 10 = 20

y = 2 . 6 = 12

z = 2 . 21 = 42

g)

Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}=k\)

→ x=2k ; y= 3k ; z= 5k

Ta có    xyz=810

=> 2k . 3k .5k = 810

           30.k³    = 810

                k³     = 810 : 30

               k³      = 27

         => k = 3

Với k=3 Suy ra

x = 2 . 3 = 6

y = 3 . 3 = 9

z = 3 . 5 = 15

\(a,\frac{2x}{3}=\frac{2y}{4}=\frac{4z}{5}\)và x + y + z = 49

Ta có : \(\frac{2x}{3}=\frac{2y}{4}=\frac{4z}{5}=\frac{x}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{y}{\frac{4}{2}}=\frac{z}{\frac{5}{4}}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\frac{x}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{y}{\frac{4}{2}}=\frac{z}{\frac{5}{4}}=\frac{x+y+z}{\frac{3}{2}+\frac{4}{2}+\frac{5}{4}}=\frac{49}{\frac{19}{4}}=49\cdot\frac{4}{19}=\frac{196}{19}\)

Vậy : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{196}{19}\\\frac{y}{\frac{4}{2}}=\frac{196}{19}\\\frac{z}{\frac{5}{4}}=\frac{169}{14}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{294}{19}\\y=\frac{392}{19}\\z=\frac{245}{19}\end{cases}}\)

\(b,\frac{x}{y}=\frac{3}{4};\frac{y}{z}=\frac{5}{7}\)và 2x + 3y - z = 186

Ta có : \(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{3}{4};\frac{y}{z}=\frac{5}{7}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4};\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{7}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{20};\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{28}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{20}=\frac{z}{28}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x}{30}=\frac{3y}{60}=\frac{z}{28}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\frac{2x}{30}=\frac{3y}{60}=\frac{z}{28}=\frac{2x+3y-z}{30+60-28}=\frac{186}{62}=3\)

Vậy : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{15}=3\\\frac{y}{20}=3\\\frac{z}{28}=3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=45\\y=60\\z=84\end{cases}}\)

\(c,x:y:z=12:9:5\)và xyz = 20

Ta có : \(x:y:z=12:9:5\)hay \(\frac{x}{12}=\frac{y}{9}=\frac{z}{5}\)

Đặt : \(\frac{x}{12}=\frac{y}{9}=\frac{z}{5}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=12k\\y=9k\\z=5k\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xyz=12k\cdot9k\cdot5k=540k^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xyz=540k^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow540k^3=xyz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow540k^3=20\)

\(\Leftrightarrow k^3=\frac{20}{540}=\frac{1}{27}\Leftrightarrow k=\frac{1}{3}\)

Vậy : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=12\cdot\frac{1}{3}\\y=9\cdot\frac{1}{3}\\z=5\cdot\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=3\\z=\frac{5}{3}\end{cases}}\)

1, \(\frac{x}{2}=\frac{2y}{3}=\frac{3z}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{z}{\frac{4}{3}}=k\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2k\\y=\frac{3}{2}k\\z=\frac{4}{3}k\end{cases}}\)

Mà xyz = -108

\(\Leftrightarrow2k.\frac{3}{2}k.\frac{4}{3}k=-108\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4k^3=-108\)

<=> k³ = -27

<=> k = -3

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2k=2.-3=-6\\y=\frac{3}{2}k=\frac{3}{2}.\left(-3\right)=\frac{-9}{2}\\z=\frac{4}{3}k=\frac{4}{3}.\left(-3\right)=-4\end{cases}}\)

2, \(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{7}=\frac{z}{8}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x}{10}=\frac{3y}{21}=\frac{4z}{32}\)

Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có: 

\(\frac{2x}{10}=\frac{3y}{21}=\frac{4z}{32}=\frac{2x+3y-4z}{10+21-32}=\frac{15}{-1}=-15\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{5}=-15\\\frac{y}{7}=-15\\\frac{z}{8}=-15\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-75\\y=-105\\z=-120\end{cases}}\)

3, 3x = 5y \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{55}=\frac{y}{33}\)

    2y = 11z \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{y}{11}=\frac{z}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{y}{33}=\frac{z}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{55}=\frac{y}{33}=\frac{z}{6}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{110}=\frac{5y}{165}=\frac{z}{6}\)

Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{2x}{110}=\frac{5y}{165}=\frac{z}{6}=\frac{2x+5y-z}{110+165-6}=\frac{34}{269}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{55}=\frac{34}{269}\\\frac{y}{33}=\frac{34}{269}\\\frac{z}{6}=\frac{34}{269}\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1870}{269}\\y=\frac{1122}{269}\\z=\frac{204}{269}\end{cases}}\)

4, \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{2}{y}=\frac{z}{4}=k\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=3k\\y=\frac{2}{k}\\z=4k\end{cases}}\)

Mà xyz = 240

<=> 3k . 2/k . 4k = 240

<=> 24k = 240

<=> k = 10

 \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=3k=3.10=30\\y=\frac{2}{k}=\frac{2}{10}=\frac{1}{5}\\z=4k=4.10=40\end{cases}}\)

a) Đặt 2x - 1 / 5 = 3y + 2 / 4 = 4z - 3 / 5 = k

=> 2x = 5k + 1; 3y = 4k - 2; 4z = 5k + 3

=> 2x - 3y + 4z = 5k + 1 - 4k - 2 + 5k + 3 = 6k + 2 = 9

=> 6k = 9 - 2 = 7

=> k = 7 : 6 = 7/6

2x =5k

Xĩn lỗi, mik ấn nhầm

a/

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{5x}{50}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{2z}{42}\)\(=\frac{5x+y-2z}{50+6-42}=\frac{28}{14}=2\)\(\Rightarrow x=20;y=12;z=42\)

b/\(3x=2y\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3};7y=5z\Leftrightarrow\frac{y}{5}=\frac{z}{7}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+20}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow x=20;y=30;z=42\)

d) Đặt \(\frac{x}{2}=k\Rightarrow x=2k\); \(\frac{y}{3}=k\Rightarrow y=3k\); \(\frac{z}{5}=k\Rightarrow z=5k\)

Thay x=2k, y=3k, z=5k vào xyz=810 ta được:

\(2k.3k.5k=810\)

\(30k^3=810\)

\(k^3=\frac{810}{30}=27\)

\(\Rightarrow k=3\)

Do đó: x = 2k \(\Rightarrow\)x = 2.3=6

             y = 3k\(\Rightarrow\)y = 3.3=9

             z = 5k \(\Rightarrow\)z = 5.3=15

Vậy x=6; y=9; z=15