• For questions (1 - 8), read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

                                                                                                      BLUE DIAMONDS

  Blue diamonds are the world’s most expensive diamonds, with some valued (0) ...... AT....... over 350 million US dollars. However, no one knew (1) ............... recently precisely where these rare stones came from.

  Most diamonds are formed from pure carbon under extreme heat 150 to 200 kilometers underground, and (2) ............... is thought that volcanic eruptions bring them to the earth’s surface. Research by scientists has revealed, however, that blue diamonds were probably formed somewhere (3) ............... 600 and 800 kilometers down, in a part of the earth’s interior known (4) ............... the lower mantle.

  These researchers analyzed 46 blue diamonds, all of (5) .............. contained minerals only found in the lower mantle. (6) .............. only were these stones formed four times nearer the earth’s core (7) ............... normal diamonds, but they also contain an element called boron that is mostly found on the earth’s surface. What seems to have happened, (8) ............... to the researchers, is that billions of years ago, rocks containing boron were carried down into the lower mantle by movements of the earth’s tectonic plates, and were eventually returned to the surface by volcanic action.

• For questions 9 – 16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

                                                                                                 A HISTORY OF SURFING

The history of surfing undoubtedly goes (0) BACK a long way. It seems to (9) .......... formed a central part of the culture of the Polynesian people, who were inhabitants of islands in the Pacific Ocean (10) .......... as Samoa, Tonga, and Hawaii. These people did not regard surfing (11) .......... a mere recreational activity. For them, it was much (12) .......... of an art. Although surfing disappeared from many parts of Polynesia in (13) .......... early twentieth century, a small number of people in Hawaii kept the tradition alive. In 1912, it spread to the east coast of the United States, and in particular to Virginia Beach, (14) .......... became an important surfing center. Surfing developed quite rapidly from then on, and the design of surfboards became more sophisticated. However, (15) .......... was not until the 1960s that surfing came to be a truly global phenomenon, boosted not only by the success of surfing films (16) .......... also by pop songs about surfing culture.

Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap.

Until the late 1920s, motion pictures were silent except (1) ________ the musical accompaniment

provided by theater owners in the form of live orchestras. Up (2) ________ this point, movies had enjoyed a wide

degree of popularity, but they still remained a secondary form of entertainment, largely (3) ________ to their lack

of sound. Everything changed (4) ________ 1926 when Warner Brothers introduced a new sound-on-disc system.

In this system, sound effects and music were (5) ________ on wax record. In order to exhibit this new (6)

________, Warner Brothers showed “Don Juan”, the first (7) ________ picture to have a pre-recorded score and

sound effects. Although “Don Juan” was enjoyed very much, many movie studios still refused to adapt (8)

________ talking picture technology, believing that “talkies” would never replace silent pictures. (9) ________,

“The Jazz Singer”, an interesting film with sound, in October (10) ________ 1927 changed these options, and in

doing so, changed the history of motion pictures forever.

question 1-10 , read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap . use only one word in each gap . write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS

judo

when i first decided to (1)............................ up judo i was only seven years old . i(2) .................... seen a competition (3)........................... television and for some strange reason i just knew immediately that what they were doing on TV was also what i wanted to do. it must (4) .............................. the right decision because i have always been (5) ............................ best in my age group and i am usually(6) ........................ faster than my opponent. for the past 11 years , i have always looked forward (7) ............................... my judo lesson. last year, i finally became a black belt , but i (8)........................... been winning prizes in tournaments (9) ............................ i started . of course, i would love to win(10) ...................... medal at the olympics. we'll see!

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