a) \(P=\left|x-2016\right|+\left|x-2017\right|+\left|x-2018\right|\)

*TH1: \(x< 2016\):

\(P=2016-x+2017-x+2018-x=6051-3x>6051-3\cdot2016=3\)

*TH2: \(2016\le x< 2017\):

\(P=x-2016+2017-x+2018-x=2019-x>2019-2017=2\)

*TH3: \(2017\le x< 2018\):

\(P=x-2016+x-2017+2018-x=x-2015\ge2017-2015=2\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 2017)

*TH4: \(x\ge2018\):

\(P=x-2016+x-2017+x-2018=3x-6051\ge3\cdot2018-6051=3\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 2018)

Vậy GTNN của P là 2 khi x = 2017.

b) \(x-2xy+y-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(1-2y\right)+y-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{5}{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(\frac{1}{2}-y\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}-y\right)=\frac{5}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-y\right)=\frac{5}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(1-2y\right)=5\)