Toán

Lời giải:

a) Vì $AB, AC$ là tiếp tuyến nên $OB\perp AB, OC\perp AC$

$\Rightarrow \widehat{ABO}=\widehat{ACO}=90^0$

$\Rightarrow \widehat{ABO}+\widehat{ACO}=180^0$ nên tứ giác $ABOC$ nội tiếp.

b) Xét tam giác $ABD$ và $AEB$ có:

$\widehat{A}$ chung

$\widehat{ABD}=\widehat{AEB}$ (tính chất góc tạo bởi tiếp tuyến và dây cung thì bằng góc nt chắn cung đó)

$\Rightarrow \triangle ABD\sim \triangle AEB$ (g.g)

$\Rightarrow \frac{AB}{AE}=\frac{AD}{AB}\Rightarrow AB^2=AE.AD$

c) 

Vì $DE\parallel CM$ nên $DC=EM$
Ta có:

$\widehat{BHA}=\frac{1}{2}(\text{sđc(BD)+sđc(EM)})$

$\widehat{BOA}=\frac{1}{2}\widehat{BOC}=\frac{1}{2}(\text{sđc(BD)+sđc(CD)})$
Mà $DC=EM$ nên $\widehat{BHA}=\widehat{BOA}$ 

$\Rightarrow BHOA$ là tứ giác nội tiếp

$\Rightarrow \widehat{BHO}=\widehat{ABO}=90^0$

$\Rightarrow HO\perp DE$

$\Rightarrow H$ là trung điểm $DE$ hay $HD=HE$

Ta có đpcm.

Hình vẽ:

Chúc mn học tốt

C402:

\(1+2^x=y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2^x=\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)

Từ đó ta suy ra \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=2^a\\y+1=2^b\end{matrix}\right.\) với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=x\\b>a\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2^b-2^a=y+1-y+1=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2^a\left(2^{b-a}-1\right)=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2^a=2\\2^{b-a}-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b-a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2^1+1=3\\x=1+2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;3\right)\) là nghiệm nguyên duy nhất của phương trình.

\(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}=2+x\sqrt{4-x^2}\).

ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\).

Đặt \(\sqrt{4-x^2}=y\ge0\). Ta có \(x^2+y^2=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=4\Leftrightarrow xy=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-4}{2}\).

\(PT\Leftrightarrow x+y=2+xy\Leftrightarrow x+y=2+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-4}{2}\Leftrightarrow x+y=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\).

Với x + y = 0 ta có xy = -2. Do \(y\ge0\Rightarrow x=-\sqrt{2}\left(TMĐK\right)\).

Với x + y = 2 ta có xy = 0. Do đó x = 2 (TMĐK) hoặc x = 0 (TMĐK).

Vậy,..

Bài 16: 

1) \(x+2\sqrt{7-x}=2\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{-x^2+8x-7}+1\)

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7-x\ge0\\x-1\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow1\le x\le7\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow x-1+2\sqrt{7-x}-2\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{\left(7-x\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{7-x}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=2\\\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{7-x}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\) ( thỏa )

Vậy tập nghiệm của pt là \(x=\left\{4;5\right\}\)

2) Phương trình 2 mình ko rõ đề, nhưng hướng làm như sau:

ĐKXĐ: \(2x+y\ge0\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2x+y+2\sqrt{2x+y}-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+y}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x+y}+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+y}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+y=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=1-2x\)

Thay vào pt 2 rồi tìm nghiệm.

Bài 22:

1) \(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y-1}+3\sqrt{z-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z+11\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=a\\\sqrt{y-1}=b\\\sqrt{z-2}=c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a^2\\y=b^2+1\\z=c^2+2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(a;b;c\ge0\right)\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow a+2b+3c=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+14\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2a-4b-6z+14=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-2\right)^2+\left(c-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\\c=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=5\\z=11\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy...

Mò nghiệm bằng máy tính cũng may ra :))

Ta có \(x^5-x^4-x^3-11x^2+25x-14=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^4+x^3+x^2-9x+7\right)\).

Ta có \(x^4+x^3+x^2-9x+7=\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{11}{4}x^2-8x+6\right)>0\).

Vậy x = 2 là nghiệm duy nhất của pt.

b)Hệ phương trình tương đương:

 \(\begin{array}{l} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\left( {xy + x} \right)^2} + 2\left( {xy + y} \right) = 3\\ xy\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {y + 1} \right) = 1 \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\left( {xy + x} \right)^2} + 2\left( {xy + y} \right) = 3\\ \left( {xy + y} \right)\left( {xy + x} \right) = 1 \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {a^2} + 2b = 3\\ ab = 1 \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} a = 1,b = 1\\ a = - 2,b = - \dfrac{1}{2} \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} xy + x = 1\\ xy + y = 1 \end{array} \right.\\ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} xy + x = - 2\\ xy + y = - \dfrac{1}{2} \end{array} \right. \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} x = y = \dfrac{{ - 1 - \sqrt 5 }}{2}\\ x = y = \dfrac{{\sqrt 5 - 1}}{2} \end{array} \right. \end{array}\)

KL:

b)Hệ phương trình tương đương:

Lời giải:

*** Mình chưa thấy điểm $I$ có vai trò gì trong bài này.

Gọi $D$ là giao điểm $BC, AN$ và $L$ là giao $AN$ với $(O)$

Dễ thấy $\triangle ABN=\triangle MCN$ do:

$AB=MC$ (tính chất cung bị chặn bởi 2 dây song song)

$NB=NC$

$\widehat{ABN}=\frac{1}{2}\text{sđc(AB>)}=\frac{1}{2}\text{sđc(MC>)}=\widehat{MCN}$

Do đó:

$\widehat{BAD}=\widehat{BAN}=\widehat{CMN}=\widehat{CAH}$

$\Rightarrow \widehat{BAH}=\widehat{CAD}$

Ta có:

$\frac{HB}{CH}=\frac{S_{ABH}}{S_{ACH}}=\frac{AB.AH.\sin BAH}{AC.AH.\sin CAH}=\frac{AB.\sin BAH}{AC\sin CAH}$

$=\frac{AB}{AC}.\frac{\sin BAH}{\sin CAH}=\frac{AB}{AC}.\frac{\sin CAD}{\sin BAD}=\frac{AB}{AC}.\frac{\sin CAL}{\sin BAL}=\frac{AB}{AC}.\frac{\sin CBL}{\sin BCL}=\frac{AB}{AC}.\frac{LC}{BL}(*)$

Mà:

Dễ cm $\triangle ABN\sim \triangle BLN, \triangle ACN\sim \triangle CLN$

$\Rightarrow \frac{AB}{BL}=\frac{BN}{LN}=\frac{CN}{LN}=\frac{AC}{CL}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{LC}{BL}=\frac{AC}{AB}(**)$

Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow \frac{BH}{HC}=\frac{AB}{AC}.\frac{AC}{AB}=1$

$\Rightarrow BH=HC$ nên $H$ là trung điểm của $BC$

Hình vẽ:

** Đây là bài toán liên quan đến đường đẳng giác, đường đối trung. Bạn có thể google search để hiểu chuyên sâu hơn về tính chất của đường này.

a.

\(\Leftrightarrow na_{n+2}-na_{n+1}=2\left(n+1\right)a_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)a_n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=2.\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\)

Đặt \(b_n=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=1\\b_{n+1}=2b_n\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow b_n=2^{n-1}\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n.2^{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a_{n+1}-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)-1\right]2^{n+1}=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\)

Đặt \(c_n=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=a_1-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right]2^1=2\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n+2=\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2\)

b.

Câu b này đề sai

Với \(n=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}=0< \dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)}{2}\)

Với \(n=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}=0+1< \dfrac{2\left(2+1\right)}{2}\)

Có lẽ đề đúng phải là: \(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge n-1\) ; \(\forall n\in Z^+\)

Hay: \(\sqrt{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+1}\ge n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2n\ge n^2\)

- Với \(n=1\Rightarrow-1+2\ge1^2\) (đúng)

- Với \(n=2\Rightarrow0+4\ge2^2\) (đúng)

- Giả sử BĐT đúng với \(n=k\ge2\) hay \(\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2k\ge k^2\)

Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+2\left(k+1\right)\ge\left(k+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)2^k+1\ge k^2\)

Thật vậy: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+1=2\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2^k+1\ge2k^2-4k+2^k+1\)

\(\ge2k^2-4k+5=k^2+\left(k-2\right)^2+1>k^2\) (đpcm)

Do đó:

\(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}>0+1+...+n-1=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

c.

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2}{3^n}=\dfrac{n}{2\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+\dfrac{2}{3^n}\)

Đặt \(S_n=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\sum\limits^n_{j=1}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+2\sum\limits^n_{k=1}\dfrac{1}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}S'-2+2\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+1-\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)

Xét \(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{2}{3}}=3-3\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow S_n=2-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-\dfrac{1}{3^n}-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(S_n\right)=2\)

Câu 285

a) ĐKXĐ: $x\le 10.$

 \(PT\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^3+7x^2+18x+4}{\sqrt{10-x}}-10\right)+\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[\dfrac{\left(x^5+15x^4+100x^3+360x^2+740x+984\right)}{\sqrt{10-x}\left(x^3+7x^2+8x+4+10\sqrt{10-x}\right)}+1\right]=0\)

Rõ ràng biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông vô nghiệm.

Vậy $x=1$ (TMĐKXĐ)

b) Đặt $t=ab+bc+ca.$

 \(a,b,c\in\left[0,1\right]\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab\ge a+b-1.\) (1)

Từ (1) suy ra \(3abc\ge\sum c\left(a+b-1\right)=2t-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2t-3\)

Cũng do $a,b,c\in \left[0,1\right]$ suy ra \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\le0\Rightarrow abc\le\sum\left(ab-a\right)+1\)

Do đó"\(VT\le\sum\dfrac{a}{1+bc}+\sum\left(ab-a\right)+1\)

\(=\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{1+bc}-a\right)+\sum ab+1\)

\(=-abc\sum\dfrac{1}{1+bc}+ab+bc+ca+1\)

\(\le t+1-\dfrac{9abc}{t+3}\le t+1-\dfrac{3\left(2t-3\right)}{t+3}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2t-3\right)\left(3-t\right)\ge0\)

Do \(t\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3\) nên nếu $ab+bc+ca\ge \dfrac{3}{2}$ thì bất đẳng thức đúng.

Trong trường hợp ngược lại ta có \(VT\le t+1-\dfrac{9abc}{t+3}\le t+1\le\dfrac{3}{2}+1=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (đpcm)

Hoàn tất chứng minh.

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi (bạn đọc tự xét)

290

Ta có \(\dfrac{a^4b}{a^2+1}=a^2b-\dfrac{a^2b}{a^2+1}\ge a^2b-\dfrac{a^2b}{2a}=a^2b-\dfrac{ab}{2}\)

Chứng minh tương tự ta được:  

\(\dfrac{b^4c}{b^2+1}\ge b^2c-\dfrac{bc}{2};\dfrac{c^4a}{c^2+1}\ge c^2a-\dfrac{ca}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^4b}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^4c}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^4a}{c^2+1}\ge a^2b+b^2c+c^2a-\dfrac{ab}{2}-\dfrac{bc}{2}-\dfrac{ca}{2}\)

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si:

\(a^2b+a^2b+b^2c\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b\cdot a^2b\cdot b^2c}=3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3\cdot abc}=3ab\)

Tương tự: \(b^2c+b^2c+c^2a\ge3bc;c^2a+c^2a+a^2b\ge3ca\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b+a^2b+b^2c+b^2c+b^2c+c^2a+c^2a+c^2a+a^2b\ge3ab+3bc+3ca\Rightarrow3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^4b}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b^4c}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{c^4a}{c^2+1}\ge a^2b+b^2c+c^2a-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge ab+bc+ca-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

C290: [Toán] - Hoc24

C280:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và BĐT BSC:

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+3y}}+\sqrt{x+3y}\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+3y}}\ge2-\sqrt{x+3y}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+3z}}+\sqrt{y+3z}\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+3z}}\ge2-\sqrt{y+3z}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+3x}}+\sqrt{z+3x}\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+3x}}\ge2-\sqrt{z+3x}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+3y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+3z}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+3x}}\)

\(\ge6-\left(\sqrt{x+3y}+\sqrt{y+3z}+\sqrt{z+3x}\right)\)

\(\ge6-\sqrt{3\left(x+3y+y+3z+z+3x\right)}\)

\(=6-\sqrt{12\left(x+y+z\right)}=3\)

\(minP=3\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Bài 7) 

\(bđt\Leftrightarrow4\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+4ab\left(a+b\right)+4bc\left(b+c\right)+4ac\left(a+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4ab\left(a+b\right)+4bc\left(b+c\right)+4ac\left(a+c\right)\ge3ab\left(a+b\right)+3bc\left(b+c\right)+3ac\left(a+c\right)+6abc\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)\ge6abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\ge6\)

(Đúng theo Cô Si)

"=" khi a=b=c=1

281:

Ta có:\(ab+bc+ca=3abc\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^3+b}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\sqrt{a^3b}}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2a}\cdot\sqrt[4]{ab}}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2a}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\left[\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự:

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^3+c}}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right);\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^3+a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^3+b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^3+c}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^3+a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Bài nào đó k ghi số nên không bt gọi ntn:

Chuẩn hóa x + y + z = 3. Ta cần cm \(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xyz\le4\).

Giả sử \(z=mid\left\{x,y,z\right\}\Rightarrow\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy+z^2\le xz+yz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+xz^2\le x^2z+xyz\).

Từ đó \(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xyz\le x^2z+xyz+y^2z+xyz=z\left(x+y\right)^2\le\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(2z+x+y+x+y\right)^3}{27}}{2}=4\).

Câu cuối:

Áp dụng BĐT BSC:

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b+c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b+c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2\left(1+b+c\right)}{\left(a^2+b+c\right)\left(1+b+c\right)}}\le\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2\left(1+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\le\dfrac{a\sqrt{1+b+c}}{a+b+c}\)

Tương tự \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+c+a}}=\le\dfrac{b\sqrt{1+c+a}}{a+b+c}\); \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+a+b}}=\le\dfrac{c\sqrt{1+a+b}}{a+b+c}\)

Khi đó \(VT\le\Sigma\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}.\sqrt{1+b+c}\right)\)

Giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)

Áp dụng BĐT Chebyshev với bộ \(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c};\dfrac{b}{a+b+c};\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\) và \(\sqrt{1+b+c};\sqrt{1+c+a};\sqrt{1+a+b}\):

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3}\Sigma\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}.\Sigma\sqrt{1+a+b}=\dfrac{\Sigma\sqrt{1+a+b}}{3}\)

\(\le\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(3+2a+2b+2c\right)}}{3}\)

\(\le\dfrac{\sqrt{9+6\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}}{3}=\sqrt{3}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Bài 1 GPT: \(x^2+2018\sqrt{2x^2+1}=x+1+2018\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\)(1) ĐKXĐ: \(\forall x\in R\)

(1) \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1+2018\sqrt{2x^2+1}-2018\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-x-1+2018\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2x^2+1}-\sqrt{x^2+x+2}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x^2+1}+\sqrt{x^2+x+2}\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+\sqrt{x^2+x+2}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1+2018\cdot\dfrac{\left(x^2-x-1\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+\sqrt{x^2+x+2}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-1\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2018}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+\sqrt{x^2+x+2}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1=0\) vì \(1+\dfrac{2018}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+\sqrt{x^2+x+2}}>1>0\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{5}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) Vậy...