Xét: \(\frac{1-x^2}{x+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z+xy}\)
Thay thế \(x+y+z=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-x^2}{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-y^2}{y\left(x+y+z\right)+xz}+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-z^2}{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}\)
Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức hiệu 2 bình phương: \(a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{x^2+xy+xz+yz}+\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)}{xy+y^2+yz+xz}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}{xz+zy+z^2+xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\le\left(\frac{2x+y+z}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(2x+y+z\right)^2}{4}\\\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\le\left(\frac{x+2y+z}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(x+2y+z\right)^2}{4}\\\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\le\left(\frac{x+y+2z}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(x+y+2z\right)^2}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(y+z\right)\left(2x+y+z\right)}{\left(2x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(y+z\right)}{2x+y+z}\\\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+z\right)\left(x+2y+z\right)}{\left(x+2y+z\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(x+z\right)}{x+2y+z}\\\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}{\left(x+y+2z\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{4\left(y+z\right)}{2x+y+z}+\frac{4\left(x+z\right)}{x+2y+z}+\frac{4\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge4\left(\frac{y+z}{2x+y+z}+\frac{x+z}{x+2y+z}+\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y+z=1-x\\x+z=1-y\\x+y=1-z\end{matrix}\right.\) ( 1 )
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}2x+y+z=1+x\\x+2y+z=1+y\\x+y+2z=1+z\end{matrix}\right.\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge4\left(\frac{1-x}{1+x}+\frac{1-y}{1+y}+\frac{1-z}{1+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge4\left(\frac{1+x-2x}{1+x}+\frac{1+y-2y}{1+y}+\frac{1+z-2z}{1+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge4\left[3-\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge12-4\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\)
Chứng minh rằng \(12-4\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\le6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{1+x}+\frac{y}{1+y}+\frac{z}{1+z}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1+x-1}{1+x}+\frac{1+y-1}{1+y}+\frac{1+z-1}{1+z}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{1}{1+x}+1-\frac{1}{1+y}+1-\frac{1}{1+z}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-\left(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\right)\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{3+x+y+z}=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\right)\le\frac{3}{4}\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(12-4\left(\frac{2x}{1+x}+\frac{2y}{1+y}+\frac{2z}{1+z}\right)\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1-x^2}{x+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z+xy}\ge6\) ( đpcm )
Cách khác:
\(A=\frac{1-x^2}{x+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z+xy}=\frac{1-x^2}{x(x+y+z)+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y(x+y+z)+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z(x+y+z)+xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1-x^2}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{1-y^2}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{1-z^2}{(z+x)(z+y)}=\frac{2(x+y+z)-[xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)]}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}\)
Có \(A\geq 6\Leftrightarrow 2-[xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)]\ge 6(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2+9xyz\geq 7(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2+9xyz\geq 7(xy+yz+xz)\) \((\star)\)
Theo BĐT Schur bậc 3 kết hợp AM-GM:
\(xyz\geq (x+y-z)(y+z-x)(x+z-y)=(1-2x)(1-2y)(1-2z)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 9xyz\geq 4(xy+yz+xz)-1\)
\(\Rightarrow 2+9(xy+yz+xz)\geq 1+4(xy+yz+xz)=(x+y+z)^2+4(xy+yz+xz)\)\(\geq 7(xy+yz+xz)\)
Do đó \((\star)\) được CM. Bài toán hoàn tất. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
