Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\left ( a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2} \right )+\left ( b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2} \right )+\left ( c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2} \right )\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}=3-\left ( \frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2} \right )=3-A\)
Xét $A$ , áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(A\leq \frac{ab^2}{2b}+\frac{bc^2}{2c}+\frac{ca^2}{2a}=\frac{1}{2}(ab+bc+ac)\)
Mặt khác, dễ thấy \(9=(a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Xét: \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\\1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\le\frac{ab^2}{2b}=\frac{ab}{2}\\\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}\le\frac{bc^2}{2c}=\frac{bc}{2}\\\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\le\frac{ca^2}{2a}=\frac{ac}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}=\frac{2a-ab}{2}\\b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}=\frac{2b-bc}{2}\\c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ac}{2}=\frac{2c-ac}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo từng vế:
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{6-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}=3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Xét: \(3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\frac{3}{2}\le3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}\le3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Vì \(a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge3-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Đơn giản là AM-GM ngược dấu :
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\\\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(VT\ge a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{(a+b+c)^{2}}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
