2.
Đặt \(\overrightarrow{c}=x.\overrightarrow{a}+y.\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1;4\right)=x.\left(2;1\right)+y\left(3;5\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+3y=1\\x+5y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{c}=-\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\)
3.
\(\overrightarrow{a}\) cùng phương \(\overrightarrow{e}\) khi và chỉ khi:
\(\dfrac{4-x}{2}=\dfrac{3}{1}\Rightarrow x=-2\)