a) \(x^3-16x=x\left(x^2-4\right)=x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
b) \(3x^2+3y^2-6xy-12=3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-4\right)=3\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x-y+2\right)\)
c) \(x^2+6x+5=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
d) \(x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1=x^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)