a: \(=4x^4+36x^2+81-36x^2\)
\(=\left(2x^2+9\right)^2-36x^2\)
\(=\left(2x^2-6x+9\right)\left(2x^2+6x+9\right)\)
b: \(=64x^4+16x^2y^2+y^4-16x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(8x^2+y^2\right)^2-16x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(8x^2+y^2-4xy\right)\left(8x^2+y^2+4xy\right)\)
c: \(4x^4+y^4\)
\(=4x^4+4x^2y^2+y^4-4x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(2x^2+y^2-2xy\right)\left(2x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)
d: \(=4x^8+4x^4+1-4x^4\)
\(=\left(2x^4+1-2x^2\right)\left(2x^4+2x^2+1\right)\)