\(A=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{20}\)
\(A=\left(5+5^2\right)+\left(5^3+5^4+5^5\right)+...+\left(5^{18}+5^{19}+5^{20}\right)\)
\(A=30+5^3\cdot31+...+5^{18}\cdot31\)
\(A=30+31\cdot\left(5^3+5^6+...+5^{18}\right)\)
Mà: \(31\cdot\left(5^3+5^6+...+5^{18}\right)\) ⋮ 31
\(\Rightarrow A=30+31\cdot\left(5^3+5^6+...+5^{18}\right)\) chia cho 31 dư 30
A = 5 + 52 + 53 +...+ 520
A = 520 + 519 + 518 +...+ 53 + 52 + 5
A = (520 + 519 + 518) + (517 + 516 + 515) +...+ (55 + 54 + 53) + (52+ 5)
A = 518.( 52 + 5 + 1) + 515.(52 + 5 + 1) +...+ 53.(52+ 5 + 1) + (25 + 5)
A = 518. 31 + 515.31 +...+ 53.31 + 30
A = 31.(518 + 515 +...+ 53) + 30
31 ⋮ 31 ⇒ 31.(518 + 515 +...+53) ⋮ 31 mà 30 : 31 = 0 dư 31
Vậy A : 31 dư 30
