§1. Bất đẳng thức

3x² - 12x - |x - 2| > 12

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\3x^2-12x-\left(x-2\right)>12\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 2\\3x^2-12x-\left(2-x\right)>12\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\3x^2-12x-x+2>12\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 2\\3x^2-12x+x-2>12\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>5\\x< -1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy tập nghiệm là \(S=\left(-\infty;-1\right)\cup\left(5;+\infty\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\3\left(x^2-4x\right)-\left(x-2\right)>12\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 2\\3\left(x^2-4x\right)-\left(2-x\right)>12\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\3x^2-13x-10>0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 2\\3x^2-11x-14>0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>5\\x< -1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\b=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Pt đã cho có 2 nghiệm trái dấu khi và chỉ khi:

\(ac< 0\Leftrightarrow1\left(m^2-4m\right)< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0< m< 4\)

\(\Delta'=m^2-\left(m+2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m\ge2\\m\le-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)

Theo hệ thức Viet: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=2m\\x_1x_2=m+2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x_1^3+x_2^3\le16\Leftrightarrow\left(x_1+x_2\right)^3-3x_1x_2\left(x_1+x_2\right)\le16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8m^3-6m\left(m+2\right)-16\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4m^3-3m^2-6m-8\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m-2\right)\left(4m^2+5m+4\right)\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m-2\right)\left[\left(2m+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{39}{16}\right]\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m\le2\) (2)

Kết hợp (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m=2\\m\le-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(y=2+\dfrac{6}{x-3}\)

\(P=3x\left(2+\dfrac{6}{x-3}\right)+2x+2+\dfrac{6}{x-3}\)

\(P=8x+2+\dfrac{18x}{x-3}+\dfrac{6}{x-3}=8x+20+\dfrac{60}{x-3}\)

\(P=8\left(x-3\right)+\dfrac{60}{x-3}+44\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{480\left(x-3\right)}{x-3}}+44=44+8\sqrt{30}\)

\(P_{min}=44+8\sqrt{30}\) khi \(8\left(x-3\right)=\dfrac{60}{x-3}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{6+\sqrt{30}}{2}\)

Làm giúp em đi ạ😗

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào 2 số dương có:

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge4\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{xy}}=2\sqrt{4}=4\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=4\)

`1/x+1/y>=2/(\sqrt{xy})`

`<=>1/2>=2/(\sqrt{xy})`

`<=>\sqrt{xy}>=4`

`=>\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}>=2.2=4`

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=y=4`

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:

\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)

Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)

Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)

\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x}}\Rightarrow P^2=\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{y^2}{x}+2\sqrt{xy}\)

\(P^2=\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{x}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}\right)-2\sqrt{xy}\)

\(P^2\ge3x+3y-2\sqrt{xy}\ge3\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=2\left(x+y\right)=4038\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{4038}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{2019}{2}\)

Ta có:

\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y-2019}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\)

Lại có:

\(P=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\dfrac{2019-y}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{2019-x}{\sqrt{x}}\\ =\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{y}}-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\)

\(\Rightarrow2P=\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{y}}=2019\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)\ge2019\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt[4]{xy}}\\ \ge2019\dfrac{2}{\sqrt[2]{\dfrac{x+y}{2}}}=2019\cdot\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\dfrac{2019}{2}}}=2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2019}\)

Dấu = khi \(x=y=\dfrac{2019}{2}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho số a > 0 ta có

\(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{a.\dfrac{1}{a}}=2\forall a>0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ a² = 1 ⇔ \(a=1\)