\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\Rightarrow-3\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(S=a+b+c+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a+b+c-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow-3\le x\le3\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)
\(S_{min}=-2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=-1\\a^2+b^2+c^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\) (có vô số bộ a;b;c thỏa mãn)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2x-15\right)+6=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)+6\le6\)
\(S_{max}=6\) khi \(x=3\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)