Ta chứng minh bài toán \(a_1\le a_2\le...\le a_n\) thỏa mãn \(a_1+a_2+...+a_n=0;\left|a_1\right|+\left|a_2\right|+...+\left|a_n\right|=1\) thì \(a_n-a_1=\frac{2}{n}\)
Từ điều kiện trên ta có \(k\in N\) sao cho \(a_1\le a_2\le...a_k\le0\le a_{k+1}\le...\le a_n\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_k\right)+\left(a_{k+1}+...+a_n\right)=0\\-\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_k\right)+\left(a_{k+1}+...+a_n\right)=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a_1+a_2+...+a_k=-\frac{1}{2}\\a_{k+1}+...+a_n=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\). Mà
\(a_1\le a_2\le...\le a_k\Rightarrow a_1\le-\frac{1}{2k};a_{k+1}\le...\le a_n\Rightarrow a_n\ge\frac{1}{2k}\)
\(\Rightarrow a_n-a_1\ge\frac{1}{2k}+\frac{1}{2\left(n-k\right)}=\frac{n}{2k\left(n-k\right)}\ge\frac{n}{2\left(\frac{k+n-k}{2}\right)^2}=\frac{2}{n}\)
Áp dụng vào bài chính theo giải thiết ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x_1}{2013}+\frac{x_2}{2013}+...+\frac{x_{192}}{2013}=0\\\left|\frac{x_1}{2013}\right|+\left|\frac{x_2}{2013}\right|+...+\left|\frac{x_{192}}{2013}\right|=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x_{192}}{2013}-\frac{x_1}{2013}\ge\frac{2}{192}\Rightarrow x_{192}-x_1\ge\frac{2013}{96}\)
