Ta có : S = 1 + 51 + 52 +...+ 512 + 513
=> S = 1 + 5 + (52 + 53 + 54 ) + (55 + 56 + 57) + ...... + (511 + 512 + 513)
=> S = 6 + 52(1 + 5 + 25) + 55(1 + 5 + 25) + ..... + 511(1 + 5 + 25)
=> S = 6 + 52.31 + 55.31 + ..... + 511.31
=> S = 6 + (52.31 + 55.31 + ..... + 511.31)
=> S = 6 + 31(52 + 55 + ..... + 511)
Mà : 31(52 + 55 + ..... + 511) chia hết cho 31
Nên S = 6 + 31(52 + 55 + ..... + 511) chia 31 dư 6
5S= 5+52 +53 +....+ 513 + 514
4S=(5+52 +53 +....+ 513 + 514) - (1+ 5 + 52+53 +....+ 512 + 513 )
4S= 514 - 1
S= 514 - 1 :4 =6103515625 -\(\frac{1}{4}\)= 6103515624.75
S: 31 = 6103515624.75 : 31
