Ta có a + b + c = 6
=> (a + b + c)2 = 36
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 36
=> 12 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 36
=> 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 24
=> ab + bc + ca = 12
Khi đó a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca (= 12)
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0
<=> (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (c2 - 2ca + a2) = 0
<=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 = 0
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
=> a = b = c = 2
Khi đó A = (2 - 3)2021 + (2 - 3)2021 + (2 - 3)2021
= -1 + (-1) + (-1)
= -3
