`a)`
`x^2+4x+4`
`= x^2+2.x.2+2^2`
`= (x+2)^2`
`b)``
`x^2-8x+16`
`= x^2-2.x.4+4^2`
`= (x-4)^2`
`c)`
`9x^2 -12x+4`
`= (3x)^2 -2.3x.2+2^2`
`= (3x-2)^2`
`d)`
`(x - 1/2 y)(x+1/2 y)`
`= x^2 - (1/2 y)^2`
`= x^ - 1/4 y^2`
`e)`
`(xy^2 +1)(1-xy^2)`
`= (1-xy^2)(1+xy^2)`
`= 1^2 - (xy^2)^2`
`= 1- x^2y^4`
`f)`
`(3x+2y)^2 -4(3x+2y)+4`
`= (3x+2y)^2 -2.(3x+2y).2+2^2`
`= (3x+2y-2)^2`