Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=60\\p=e\\p+e-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n=40\\p=e\\p+e-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=20\\n=20\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=z=20\\n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=z+n=20+20=40\left(u\right)\)
\(KHNT:^{40}_{20}Ca\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Z+N=60\\2Z-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Z=20\\N=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=Z+N=20+20=40u\)
Kí hiệu nguyên tử \(^{40}_{20}X\)