a) y3 + 12y2 + 48y + 64
= (y + 4)(y2 - 4y + 16) + 12y(y + 4)
= (y + 4)(y2 - 4y + 16 + 12y)
= (y + 4)(y2 + 8y + 16)
= (y + 4)(y + 4)2
= (y + 4)3
b) y3 - 6y2 + 12y - 8
= (y - 2)(y2 + 2y + 4) - 6y(y - 2)
= (y - 2)(y2 + 2y + 4 - 6y)
= (y - 2)(y2 - 4y + 4)
= (y - 2)(y - 2)2
= (y - 2)3