\(a,\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=\dfrac{1}{3}\\2x+1=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\\2x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{16}\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{7}{16}\\ c,\Rightarrow5\left(x+1\right)=4\left(2x-1\right)\left(x\ne\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\ \Rightarrow5x+5=8x-4\\ \Rightarrow3x=9\Rightarrow x=3\left(tm\right)\)