a) ( a - b + c -d ) - ( a+ b + c + d ) = a - b + c - d - a - b - c - d = -2b - 2d
b) ( -a + b -c ) + ( a - b ) - ( a- b + c ) = -a + b - c + a - b - a + b - c = -a + b - c - c = -a + b - 2c
c) - ( a - b - c ) + ( b - c + d ) - ( -a + b + d )
a) (a-b+c-d)-(a+b+c+d)
=a-b+c-d-a-b-c-d
=-2b-2d
=2(b-d)
b) (-a+b-c)+(a-b)-(a-b+c)
=-a+b-c+a-b-a+b-c
=-a+b-2c
c) -(a-b-c)+(b-c+d)-(-a+b+d)
=-a+b+c+b-c+d+a-b-d
=b