a, \(x^4-x^3-x^3+x^2-x^2+x+x-1\)\(1\)
=\(x^3\left(x-1\right)+x^2\left(x-1\right)-x\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)\)
=\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+x^2-x+1\right)\)
b, \(\left(ab-1\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2\)
=\(a^2b^2-2ab+1+a^2+2ab+b^2\)
=\(a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\)
=\(a^2\left(b^2+1\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)\)
=\(\left(b^2+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\)
c,\(x^4+2x^3+2x^2+2x+1\)
=\(x^4+x^3+x^3+x^2+x^2+x+x+1\)
=\(x^3\left(x+1\right)+x^2\left(x+1\right)+x\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\)
=\(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+x+1\right)\)
=\(\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2+1\right)\)