a) \(x^3-x^2-4=x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+2x-4\)
\(=x^2\left(x-2\right)+x\left(x-2\right)+2\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)\)
b) \(x^4-64=\left(x^2-8\right)\left(x^2+8\right)\)
c) \(81x^4+4y^4=\left(9x^2+2y^2\right)^2-36x^2y^2=\left(9x^2-6xy+2y^2\right)\left(9x^2+6xy+2y^2\right)\)
d) \(x^7-x^2-1=\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^5+x^4-x^2-x-1\right)\)