a: \(16x^5-25x^3\)
\(=x^3\left(16x^2-25\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(4x-5\right)\left(4x+5\right)\)
b: \(x^2-2xy+y^2-16\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-16\)
\(=\left(x-y-4\right)\left(x-y+4\right)\)
c: \(x^2-5y-xy+5x\)
\(=x\left(x-y\right)+5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+5\right)\)
d: \(x^2\left(x^2+4\right)-x^2+4\)
\(=\left(x^2+4\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+4\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)