a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (1)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\) (2)
\(n_{HCl}=0,45.2=0,9\left(mol\right)\), \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (1): \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=0,9-0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{Al}+m_{Al_2O_3}=10,5\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT (1) + (2): \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_{3\downarrow}+3NaCl\)
_____0,3_______0,9________0,3 (mol)
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
___0,1________0,1 (mol)
- Hiện tượng: Xuất hiện kết tủa keo trắng, sau đó kết tủa bị hòa tan 1 phần.
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,3-0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,2.78=15,6\left(g\right)\)