a) \(x+12=4\Rightarrow x=4-12\Rightarrow x=-\left(12-4\right)\Rightarrow x=-8\)
b) \(19-x=0\Rightarrow x=19-0\Rightarrow x=19\)
c) \(x-4=-12\Rightarrow x=-12+4\Rightarrow x=-\left(12-4\right)\Rightarrow x=-8\)
d) \(x-\left(-2\right)=-6\Rightarrow x+2=-6\Rightarrow x=-6-2\Rightarrow x=-6+\left(-2\right)\Rightarrow x=-8\)