2.c
\(x+\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\left|2x-1\right|=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2x-1=5;x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\x+1-2x=5;x< \dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=6\\-x=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(tm\right)\\x=-4\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{2;-4\right\}\)