\(n_{Ca}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2mol\\ 2Ca+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}2CaO\\ n_{CaO}=n_{Ca}=0,2mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5mol\\ CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaO}=0,2mol\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{CaO}=0,4mol\\ m_{CaCl_2}=0,2.111=22,2g\\ m_{HCl.dư}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65g\)