a) \(4x^2-9=\left(2x\right)^2-3^2=\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)\)
b) \(16x^2-8x+1=\left(4x\right)^2-2.4x.1+1^2=\left(4x-1\right)^2\)
c) \(9x^2+6x+1=\left(3x\right)^2+2.3x.1+1^2=\left(3x+1\right)^2\)
d) \(36x^2+36x+9=\left(6x\right)^2+2.6x.3+3^2=\left(6x+3\right)^2\)
e) \(x^3+27=x^3+3^3=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)\)