1) \(\dfrac{1}{27}+a^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+a\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}+a^2\right)\)
2) \(=\left(2x+3y\right)\left(4x^2-6xy+9y^2\right)\)
3) \(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x+2y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x-xy+4y^2\right)\)
4) \(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\)
5) \(=\left(x^3+1\right)\left(x^6-x^3+1\right)\)
6) \(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2+4x+16\right)\)
7) \(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2+5x+25\right)\)
8) \(=\left(2x^2-3y\right)\left(4x^4+6x^2y+9y^2\right)\)
9) \(=\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-5y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{16}x^4+\dfrac{5}{4}x^2y+25y^2\right)\)
10) \(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x-2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+x+4\right)\)
11) \(=\left(x+2\right)^3\)
12) \(=\left(x+3\right)^3\)