1.
\(cos^2x-\sqrt{3}sin2x=1+sin^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x-\sqrt{3}sin2x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}cos2x-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sin2x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=\pm\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k\pi\\x=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
2.
\(10cos^2x-5sinx.cosx+3sin^2x=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20cos^2x-10sinx.cosx+6sin^2x=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20cos^2x-10-10sinx.cosx+6sin^2x-3=-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7cos2x-5sin2x=-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{74}\left(\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{74}}cos2x-\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{74}}sin2x\right)=-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(2x+arccos\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{74}}\right)=-\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{74}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+arccos\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{74}}=\pm arccos\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{74}}+k2\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}arccos\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{74}}\pm\dfrac{1}{2}arccos\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{74}}+k\pi\)
