$B = \sqrt{x-4} + \sqrt{12 -x}$
+) $B^2 = 8 + 2\sqrt{(x-4)(12-x)} \geqslant 8 + 2 \cdot 0 = 8 \implies B \geqslant \sqrt{8}$
Vậy $B_\text{min} = \sqrt{8} \iff (x-4)(12-x) = 0 \iff x =4$ hoặc $x =12 \implies (x;y) =\{ (4;11);(12;3)\}$
+) $B^2 = 8 + 2\sqrt{(x-4)(12-x)} = 8 + 2\sqrt{-x^2 + 16x - 48} = 8 + 2\sqrt{-(x-8)^2 + 16} \leqslant 8 + 2\sqrt{16} = 16 \implies B \geqslant 4$
Vậy $B_\text{max} =4 \iff x = 8 \iff (x;y) = (8;7)$