\(a^2-4ab+5b^2+2b+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4ab+4b^2+b^2+2b+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(b+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2b=0\\b+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\\b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C=5a^3-b^{2019}=5\left(-2\right)^3-\left(-1\right)^{2019}=-40+1=-39\)