TH1: \(x+y+z+t=0\)
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{y+z}{x+t}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\right)^{2023}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z+t}\right)^{2023}+\left(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+t}\right)^{2023}+\left(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y}\right)^{2023}+\left(\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+z}\right)^{2023}\)
\(=0+0+0+0=0\) là số nguyên (thỏa mãn)
TH2: \(x+y+z+t\ne0\), áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{2023x+y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{x+2023y+z+t}=\dfrac{z}{x+y+2023z+t}+\dfrac{t}{x+y+z+2023t}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{\left(2023x+y+z+t\right)+\left(x+2023y+z+t\right)+\left(x+y+2023z+t\right)+\left(x+y+z+2023t\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{2026\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2023x+y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\\\dfrac{y}{x+2023y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\\\dfrac{z}{x+y+2023z+t}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\\\dfrac{t}{x+y+z+2023t}=\dfrac{1}{2026}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2026x=2023x+y+z+t\\2026y=x+2023y+z+t\\2026z=x+y+2023z+t\\2026t=x+y+z+2023t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x=x+y+z+t\\4y=x+y+z+t\\4z=x+y+z+t\\4t=x+y+z+t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4x=4y=4z=4t\) (vì đều bằng \(x+y+z+t\))
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
Do đó:
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2023}+\left(1+\dfrac{x+x}{x+x}\right)^{2023}\)
\(=2^{2023}+2^{2023}+2^{2023}+2^{2023}\)
\(=4.2^{2023}=2^{2025}\in Z\)
Em kiểm tra lại đề, 2 ngoặc cuối bị giống nhau, chắc em ghi nhầm
