Sửa phân số thứ nhất: \(\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{5a^2+32ab+b^2}}\rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{5a^2+32ab+12b^2}}\)
Đề bài: \(P=\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{5a^2+32ab+12b^2}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{5b^2+32bc+12c^2}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{5c^2+32ac+12a^2}}\)
Lời giải
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{5a^2+32ab+12b^2}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{5b^2+32bc+12c^2}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{5c^2+32ac+12a^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{5a^2+30ab+2ab+12b^2}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{5b^2+30bc+2bc+12c^2}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{5c^2+30ac+2ac+12a^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{5a\left(a+6b\right)+2b\left(a+6b\right)}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{5b\left(b+6c\right)+2c\left(b+6c\right)}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{5c\left(c+6a\right)+2a\left(c+6a\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{\left(a+6b\right)\left(5a+2b\right)}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{\left(b+6c\right)\left(5b+2c\right)}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{\left(c+6a\right)\left(5c+2a\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(a+6b\right)\left(5a+2b\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b+6c\right)\left(5b+2c\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c+6a\right)\left(5c+2a\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{\left(a+6b\right)\left(5a+2b\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b+6c\right)\left(5b+2c\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c+6a\right)\left(5c+2a\right)}}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\left(a+6b\right)\left(5a+2b\right)}\le\dfrac{6a+8b}{2}\\\sqrt{\left(b+6c\right)\left(5b+2c\right)}\le\dfrac{6b+8c}{2}\\\sqrt{\left(c+6a\right)\left(5c+2a\right)}\le\dfrac{6c+8a}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(a+6b\right)\left(5a+2b\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b+6c\right)\left(5b+2c\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c+6a\right)\left(5c+2a\right)}\le\dfrac{14\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=21\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{\left(a+6b\right)\left(5a+2b\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b+6c\right)\left(5b+2c\right)}+\sqrt{\left(c+6a\right)\left(5c+2a\right)}}\ge\dfrac{3}{7}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{5a^2+32ab+12b^2}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{5b^2+32bc+12c^2}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{5c^2+32ac+12a^2}}\ge\dfrac{3}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{7}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
