a: \(a^2+4a=b^2+4b+1\)
=>\(a^2+4a-b^2-4b=0\)
=>(a-b)(a+b)+4(a-b)=0
=>(a-b)(a+b+4)=0
mà a-b<>0
nên a+b+4=0
=>a+b=-4
b: Đặt \(X=a^3+b^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(-4\right)^3-3ab\cdot\left(-4\right)=-64+12ab\)
\(a^2+4a=1\)
=>\(a^2+4a-1=0\)
=>\(a^2+4a+4-5=0\)
=>\(\left(a+2\right)^2=5\)
=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}a+2=\sqrt5\\ a+2=-\sqrt5\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}a=\sqrt5-2\\ a=-\sqrt5-2\end{array}\right.\)
\(b^2+4b=1\)
=>\(b^2+4b-1=0\)
=>\(b^2+4b+4-5=0\)
=>\(\left(b+2\right)^2=5\)
=>\(\left[\begin{array}{l}b+2=\sqrt5\\ b+2=-\sqrt5\end{array}\right.\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{l}b=\sqrt5-2\\ b=-\sqrt5-2\end{array}\right.\)
Vì a<>b nên sẽ có hai trường hợp sau:
TH1: \(a=\sqrt5-2;b=-\sqrt5-2\)
=>\(ab=\left(\sqrt5-2\right)\left(-\sqrt5-2\right)=-\left(\sqrt5-2\right)\left(\sqrt5+2\right)=-1\)
X=-64+12ab
=-64-12
=-76
TH2: \(a=-\sqrt5-2;b=\sqrt5-2\)
=>\(ab=\left(\sqrt5-2\right)\left(-\sqrt5-2\right)=-\left(\sqrt5-2\right)\left(\sqrt5+2\right)=-1\)
X=-64+12ab
=-64-12
=-76
Vậy: X=-76
c: Đặt \(Y=a^4+b^4\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2a^2b^2\)
\(=\left\lbrack\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right\rbrack^2-2\cdot\left(ab\right)^2\)
\(=\left\lbrack\left(-4\right)^2-2\cdot\left(-1\right)\right\rbrack^2-2\cdot\left(-1\right)^2=\left\lbrack16+2\right\rbrack^2-2\)
\(=18^2-2\)
=324-2
=322
