A = 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 311
= (1 + 3 + 32) + (33 + 34 + 35) + (36 + 37 + 38) + (39 + 310 + 311)
= (1 + 3 + 32) + 33 x (1 + 3 + 32) + 36 x (1 + 3 + 32) + 39 x (1 + 3 + 32)
= 13 + 33 x 13 + 36 x 13 + 39 x 13
= 13 x (1 + 33 + 36 + 39)
Vậy A chia hết cho 13.