Bài 1:
Với \(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{-abc}{abc}=-1\)
Với \(a+b+c\ne0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{a+c-b}{b}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b-c=c\\a+c-b=b\\b+c-a=a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\c+a=2b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{2a\cdot2b\cdot2c}{abc}=8\)
Bài 2:
\(a,TH_1:x+y+3z=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{3}=\dfrac{x+y+3z}{6+4+9}=\dfrac{1}{19}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{6}{19}\\y=\dfrac{4}{19}\\z=\dfrac{3}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\\ TH_2:x+y+3z=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{6}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{3}=\dfrac{x+y+3z}{6+4+9}=\dfrac{-1}{19}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{6}{19}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{19}\\z=-\dfrac{3}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
\(b,\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{z^2}{16}=\dfrac{x^2+2y^2-3z^2}{4+18-48}=\dfrac{-650}{-26}=25\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=100\\y^2=225\\z^2=400\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=15\\z=20\end{matrix}\right.\)