a) $n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH, $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 2(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng, $m_{muối} = m_X + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2}$
$= 28,6 + 2.36,5 - 1.2 = 99,6(gam)$
b) Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Zn} = b(mol) ; n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 65b + 27c = 28,6(1)$
Theo PTHH, $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = 1(2)$
Mặt khác: $n_{O_2} = 1(mol)$
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$2Zn + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2ZnO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
Ta thấy, $n_{O_2} = 0,5n_{Mg} + 0,5n_{Zn} + 0,75n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{0,5+0,5b+0,75c}=\dfrac{1,6}{1}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2 ; c = 0,4
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{28,6}.100\% = 16,78\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,2.65}{28,6}.100\% = 45,45\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 16,78\% - 45,45\% = 37,77\%$