a: \(12x^4y^3+12x^3y^3+3x^2y^3\)
\(=3x^2y^3\cdot4x^2+3x^2y^3\cdot4x+3x^2y^3\cdot1\)
\(=3x^2y^3\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)\)
\(=3x^2y^3\left(2x+1\right)^2\)
b: \(x^4+xy^3-x^3y-y^4\)
\(=\left(x^4+xy^3\right)-\left(x^3y+y^4\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^3+y^3\right)-y\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(=\left(x^3+y^3\right)\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)