\(\left(3x+1\right)^2=9\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2+6x+1=9\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2+6x+1=9x^2-36x+36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2+6x+1-9x^2+36x-36=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow42x-35=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow42x=35\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{35}{42}=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{\dfrac{5}{6}\right\}\)