2 ) Ta có : \(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^3+b^3+a+b\right)+ab\le a^2+b^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2+1-ab\right)+ab\le a^2+b^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)-ab\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+1-ab\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\)
Do a ; b dương \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+1-ab>0\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{3}-1\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b\le3\)
\(M=\frac{a^2+8}{a}+\frac{b^2+2}{b}=a+\frac{8}{a}+b+\frac{2}{b}=2a+\frac{8}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+2b-\left(a+b\right)\ge8+4-3=9\)
( áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho a ; b dương )
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=1\)
Tìm min cho K, tìm max có lẽ Bunhia là ra thôi:
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3a+1}=x\\\sqrt{3b+1}=y\\\sqrt{3x+1}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow1\le x;y;z\le\sqrt{10}\)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\left(a+b+c\right)+3=12\)
Bài toán trở thành cho \(x^2+y^2+z^2=12\), tìm min \(P=x+y+z\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{10}\right)\le0\Rightarrow x^2-\left(\sqrt{10}+1\right)x+\sqrt{10}\le0\)
\(\left(y-1\right)\left(y-\sqrt{10}\right)=y^2-\left(\sqrt{10}+1\right)y+\sqrt{10}\le0\)
\(\left(z-1\right)\left(z-\sqrt{10}\right)=z^2-\left(\sqrt{10}+1\right)z+\sqrt{10}\le0\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(\sqrt{10}+1\right)\left(x+y+z\right)+3\sqrt{10}\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\sqrt{10}}{\sqrt{10}+1}=\frac{12+3\sqrt{10}}{\sqrt{10}+1}=2+\sqrt{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=2+\sqrt{10}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;\sqrt{10}\right)\) và các hoán vị hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(3;0;0\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(K=\sqrt{3a+1}+\sqrt{3b+1}+\sqrt{3c+1}\le\frac{3a+1}{2}+\frac{3b+1}{2}+\frac{3c+1}{2}=\frac{3\left(a+b+c+1\right)}{2}=6\)
( áp dụng BĐT Cauchy với a ; b ; c ko âm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
1 ) Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki cho 3 số , ta có :
\(\sqrt{3a+1}+\sqrt{3b+1}+\sqrt{3c+1}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1+1\right)\left(3a+1+3b+1+3c+1\right)}=6\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
