Ta có : x5 + x4 + x + 1 = 0
<=> x4(x + 1) + (x + 1) = 0
<=> (x + 1)(x4 + 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\x^4+1=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-1\\x^4=-1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy x = -1
Ta có : x4 + 3x3 - x - 3 = 0
<=> x3(x + 3) - (x + 3) = 0
<=> (x + 3) (x3 - 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+3=0\\x^3-1=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-3\\x^3=1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-3\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy x thuộc {-3;1}