a) \(\dfrac{2x+5}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2x+1+4}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2x+1}{2x+1}+\dfrac{4}{2x+1}=1+\dfrac{4}{2x+1}\)
Để \(\dfrac{2x+5}{2x+1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{4}{2x+1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow4\) ⋮ \(2x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+1\inƯ\left(4\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3;3;-5\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;-1;\dfrac{1}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{3}{2};-\dfrac{5}{2}\right\}\)
Mà x nguyên \(\Rightarrow\text{x}\in\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
b) \(\dfrac{3x+5}{x+1}=\dfrac{3x+3+2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3\left(x+1\right)+2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3\left(x+1\right)}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{x+1}=3+\dfrac{2}{x+1}\)
Để \(\dfrac{3x+5}{x+1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{2}{x+1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow2\) ⋮ \(x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3\right\}\)
c) \(\dfrac{3x+8}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x-3+11}{x-1}=\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)+11}{x-1}=\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}+\dfrac{11}{x-1}=3+\dfrac{11}{x-1}\)
Để: \(\dfrac{3x+8}{x-1}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{11}{x-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow11\) ⋮ \(x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(11\right)=\left\{1;-1;11;-11\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;12;-10\right\}\)
d) \(\dfrac{5x+12}{x-2}=\dfrac{5x-10+22}{x-2}=\dfrac{5\left(x-2\right)+22}{x-2}=\dfrac{5\left(x-2\right)}{x-2}+\dfrac{22}{x-2}=5+\dfrac{22}{x-2}\)
Để: \(\dfrac{5x+12}{x-2}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{22}{x-2}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow22\) ⋮ \(x-2\)
\(\Rightarrow x-2\inƯ\left(22\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;11;-11;22;-22\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;13;-9;24;-20\right\}\)
e) \(\dfrac{7x-12}{x+16}=\dfrac{7x+112-124}{x+16}=\dfrac{7\left(x+16\right)-124}{x+16}=\dfrac{7\left(x+16\right)}{x+16}-\dfrac{124}{x+16}=7-\dfrac{124}{x+16}\)
Để \(\dfrac{7x-12}{x+16}\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{124}{x+16}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow124\) ⋮ \(x+16\)
\(\Rightarrow x+16\inƯ\left(124\right)=\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4;31;-31;62;-62;124;-124\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-15;-17;-14;-18;-12;-20;15;-47;46;-78;108;-140\right\}\)
