A = x2 - 2xy + 3y2 - 2x + 1997
= ( x2 - 2xy + y2 - 2x + 2y + 1 ) + ( 2y2 - 2y + 1/2 ) + 3991/2
= [ ( x2 - 2xy + y2 ) - ( 2x - 2y ) + 1 ] + 2( y2 - y + 1/4 ) + 3991/2
= [ ( x - y )2 - 2( x - y ) + 12 ] + 2( y - 1/2 )2 + 3991/2
= ( x - y - 1 )2 + 2( y - 1/2 )2 + 3991/2 ≥ 3991/2 ∀ x, y
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 3/2 ; y = 1/2
=> MinA = 3991/2 <=> x = 3/2 ; y = 1/2