Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same "facial language". Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far- flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays - the so called display rules. In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught to control emotional responses - especially negative ones- while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people's behavior. From their first days of life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people>s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Charles Darwin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in different cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
Question 50: Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer whether _________.
A. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
B. different cultures have similar emotional expressions.
C. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar.
D. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth.
Đáp án B
Dịch nghĩa. Nhiều nghiên cứu về biểu cảm cố gắng trả lời câu hỏi liệu __________.
A. nhướn mày có ý nghĩa như nhau ở cả Minneapolis và Madagascar.
B. những nền văn hóa khác nhau có những cách biểu cảm khác nhau
C. tròn miệng có ý nghĩa giống nhau ở Minneapolis và Madagascar.
D. nhướn lông mày có ý nghĩa giống với tròn miệng.
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 1 “But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.” – Tập trung vào những câu hỏi như thế, những câu hỏi xem liệu các biểu cảm có giống nhau không, chứ không chỉ nói về 1 vấn để nhướn mày hay tròn miệng.