Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles - sand, silt, and clay - are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the line composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls. To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight.
In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of sod and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provides the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.
Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.
The author mentions “several representative handfuls” in the passage in order to show ______.
A. how small soil particles are
B. the requirements for an adequate soil farm
C. the process by which soil is weighed
D. the range of soil samples
Đáp án D
Tác giả đề cập “several representative handfuls” trong bài nhằm trình bày _______.
A. phần tử đất nhỏ ra sao
B. yêu cầu đối với một mảnh đất đầy đủ
C. quá trình đo trọng lượng đất
D. các loại mẫu đất
Ta có thể tìm thấy câu trả lời qua câu sau trong bài: “Texture is the term used to describe the line composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls.”
(Kết cấu là thuật ngữ dùng để mô tả các quy mô hỗn hợp theo hàng của các hạt trong một mẫu đất, điển hình là một vài nắm đất đại diện làm mẫu.) Như vậy cụm từ “several representative handfuls” được tác giả đề cập trong bài để chỉ các loại mẫu đất (the range of soil samples)
Lưu ý: range = a variety of things of a particular type (nhóm hay một loạt các vật cùng loại)