Question

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that have existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions, many species became extinct at the same time- a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 mmion years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinction can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affecting even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.

One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intensive every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events. 

In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species survival? 

A. It reflects the interrelationship of many species

B. It is associated with astronomical conditions.

C. It doesn't vary greatly from species to species. 

D. It may depend on chance events.

Answer 1

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Trong đoạn 3, tác gải đã khẳng định gì về sự sống của một loài?

A. Nó phản ánh mối tương quan của nhiều loài.

B. Nó gắn liền với điều kiện thiên văn.

C. Nó không khác nhau nhiều từ loài này sang loài khác.

D. Nó có thể phụ thuộc vào các sự kiện ngẫu nhiên.

Thông tin: A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.

Tạm dịch: Sự sống của một loài sẽ không phụ thuộc vào khả năng có thể thích ứng được hay không của chúng. Do đó, một vài sự tiến hóa lịch sử có thể chính là sự phản ánh các sự kiện có bản chất ngẫu nhiên diễn ra liên tiếp.

Chọn D