Question

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

    In 1826, a Frenchman named Niépce needed pictures for his business. He was not a good artist, so he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.

    The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

    Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities, and mountains.

    In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple and photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. However, this did not stop photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840, daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.

Matthew Brady was one well-known American photographer. He took many portraits of famous people. The portraits were unusual because they were lifelike and full of personality. Brady was also the first person to take pictures of a war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.

In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film ready- made in rolls, instead of having to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later. They did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.

    With a small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends, and favorite places. They called these pictures "snapshots".

    Documentary photographs became popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used them. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings.

    Some people began to think of photography as a form of art. They thought that photographycould do more than show the real world. It could also show ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

 

From “Reading Power” by Beatrice S. Mikulecky and Linda Jeffries

The word “ruined” in the passage is closest in meaning to “______”.

A. poorly-painted 

B. heavily-polluted

C. terribly spoiled

D. badly damaged

Answer 1

Đáp án D

Từ “ruined” trong đoạn văn gần nghĩa với ____.

A. tranh vẽ kém chất lượng

B. ô nhiễm nặng

C. bị làm hư hỏng một cách tồi tệ

D. phá hủy nghiêm trọng

Dẫn chứng: “His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.” (Bức tranh của anh ấy về cuộc nội chiến 1862 cho thấy chiến sĩ tử trận và thành phố bị hư hỏng. Họ làm chiến tranh trông có vẻ thực và ̣khủng khiếp hơn.) => chiến tranh làm thành phố bị phá hủy nghiêm trọng