Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Psychologists have debated a long time about whether a child’s upbringing can give it the ability to do outstandingly well. Some think that it is impossible to develop genius and say that it is simply something a person is born with. Others, however, argue that the potential for great achievement can be develop. The truth lies somewhere between these two extremes.
It seems very obvious that being born with the right qualities from gifted parents will increase a child’s ability to do well. However, this ability will be fully realized only with the right upbringing and opportunities. As one psychologist says, “To have a fast car, you need both a good engine and fuel”.
Scientists have recently assessed intelligence, achievement, and ability in 50 sets of identical twins that were separated shortly birth and brought up by different parents. They found that achievement was based on intelligence, and later influenced by the child’s environment.
One case involving very intelligent twins was quoted. One of the twins received a normal upbringing, and performed well. The other twin, however, was brought up by extremely supportive parents and given every
possible opportunity to develop its abilities. That twin, thought starting out with the same degree of intelligence as the other, performed even better.
This case reflects the general principle of intelligence and ability. The more favorable the environment, the more a child’s intelligence and ability are developed. However, there is no link between intelligence and socioeconomic level of a child’s family. In other words, it does not matter how poor or how rich a family is, as this does not affect the intelligence.
Gifted people cannot be created by supportive parents, but they can be developed by them. One professor of music said that outstanding musicians usually started two or three years earlier than ordinary performers, often because their parents had recognized their ability. These musicians then needed at least ten years’ hard work and training in order to reach the level they were capable of attaining.
People who want to have very gifted children are given the following advice:
· Marry an intelligent person.
· Allow children to follow their own interests rather than the interests of the parents.
· Start a child’s education early but avoid pushing the child too hard.
· Encourage children to play; for example, playing with musical instrument is essential for a child who wants to become an outstanding musician.
Scientists chose twins for their study because_______.
A. each twin has the same environment as his/her twin
B. they are born into the same family, hence the same upbringing
C. they have the same economic background and hence the same opportunities
D. they have the same genetic background, usually with similar intelligence
Đáp án D
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Các nhà khoa học đã chọn cặp song sinh cho nghiên cứu của họ bởi vì ____.
A. mỗi người trong cặp sinh đôi có cùng môi trường với người anh/chị/em sinh đôi của mình
B. họ được sinh ra trong cùng một gia đình, do đó được nuôi dạy như nhau
C. họ có cùng nền tảng kinh tế và do đó có cùng cơ hội
D. họ có cùng nền tảng di truyền, thường có trí thông minh như nhau
Thông tin: One case involving very intelligent twins was quoted. One of the twins received a normal upbringing, and performed well. The other twin, however, was brought up by extremely supportive parents and given every possible opportunity to develop its abilities. That twin, though starting out with the same degree of intelligence as the other, performed even better.
Tạm dịch: Một trường hợp liên quan đến cặp song sinh rất thông minh đã được viện dẫn. Một trong hai đứa trẻ song sinh nhận được sự giáo dục bình thường và thể hiện tốt. Tuy nhiên, đứa bé còn lại được nuôi dưỡng bởi những bậc cha mẹ cực kỳ hỗ trợ và được trao mọi cơ hội có thể để phát triển khả năng của nó. Đứa trẻ này, mặc dù bắt đầu ở mức độ thông minh giống như đứa trẻ song sinh còn lại, thể hiện thậm chí còn tốt hơn.