Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.
The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period”. Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.
In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950s to mid-1960s, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made during the first era in the history of nutrition?
A. Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.
B. Vitamins were synthesized from foods.
C. Effective techniques of weight loss were determined.
D. Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health.
Chọn A.
Đáp án A.
Dịch câu hỏi: Có thể suy ra từ đoạn văn những phát hieienj nào sau đây được thực hiện trong kỷ nguyên đầu tiên trong lịch sử dinh dưỡng?
A. Protein được công nhận là một thành phần thiết yếu của chế độ ăn uống.
B. Vitamin được tổng hợp từ thực phẩm.
C. Các kỹ thuật giảm cân hiệu quả đã được xác định.
D. Một số loại thực phẩm được phát hiện là có hại cho sức khỏe.
Câu cuối đoạn 1: “Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.”
(Gần cuối kỷ nguyên này, các nghiên cứu đã chứng minh rằng giảm cân nhanh có liên quan đến mất cân bằng nitơ và chỉ có thể được khắc phục bằng cách cung cấp đầy đủ protein trong chế độ ăn uống liên quan đến một số loại thực phẩm.)